It is thickest along the interosseous border and thinnest at the extremities, same over the cup-shaped articular surface (fovea) of the head. The long narrow medullary cavity is enclosed in a strong wall of compact bone. Full Anterior View of Right Radius Full Posterior View of Right Radius Full Medial View of Right Radius Full Lateral View of Right Radius The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the fibula. At the wrist, the radius forms a joint with the ulna bone. At the elbow, it joins with the capitulum of the humerus, and in a separate region, with the ulna at the radial notch. The radius is part of two joints: the elbow and the wrist. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. Therefore the radius is considered to be the larger of the two. The ulna is usually slightly longer than the radius, but the radius is thicker. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna. MRI Titanium dioxide cancer cerenkov radiation colorimetric assay magnetic resonance imaging reactive oxygen species relaxivity.The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. The new nanoconstruct enabled RaST effect in cells, exhibited high relaxivity, and enhanced MRI contrast in tumors in vivo, paving the way for in vivo MRI-guided RaST. This work demonstrates that Arsenazo III colorimetric assay can substitute ICP-MS for determining the loading and stability of Gd-doped TiO 2 NPs. MRI of tumor-bearing mice injected with TiO 2-Gd-Tf NPs tracked the NPs distribution and accumulation in tumors. While the r1 (8.13 mM -1s -1) reduced to about twice that of Gd-DTPA (4.89 mM -1s -1) at 4.7 T, the corresponding r2 (87.15 mM -1s -1) increased by a factor 22.6 compared to Gd-DTPA (r2 = 3.85). The longitudinal (r1 = 10.43 mM -1s -1) and transverse (r2 = 13.43 mM -1s -1) relaxivity of TiO 2-Gd-Tf NPs were about twice and thrice, respectively, those of clinically used Gd contrast agent (Gd-DTPA r1 = 3.77 mM -1s -1 and r2 = 5.51 mM -1s -1) at 1.4 T. The TiO 2-Gd-Tf maintained ROS-generating capability without inducing cell death at a wide range of concentrations but induced significant cell death under RaST conditions in the presence of F-18 radiolabeled 2-fluorodeoxyglucose. Coating of the TiO 2-Gd NPs with Tf stabilized the nanoconstruct and minimized aggregation. Both 3 T and 4.7 T scanners were used to image the in vivo distribution of intravenously injected NPs in tumor-bearing mice.Ī simple colorimetric assay accurately determined both the loading and stability of the NPs compared with the expensive and complex ICP-MS method. Cell uptake of the NPs and RaST were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. ROS was quantified by activated dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. Measurement of the relaxivity was performed on a 1.4 T relaxometer and a 4.7 T small animal magnetic resonance scanner to estimate the effects of magnetic field strength. A sensitive colorimetric assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine Gd loading and stability of the TiO 2-Gd-Tf NPs. Given the use of gadolinium (Gd) chelates as effective contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study aims to (1) develop hybrid TiO 2-Gd NPs that exhibit high relaxivity for tracking the NPs without loss of ROS generating capacity and (2) establish a simple colorimetric assay for quantifying Gd loading and stability.Ī chelate-free, heat-induced method was used to load Gd onto TiO 2 NPs, which was coated with transferrin (Tf). Unfortunately tracking the in vivo distribution of TiO 2 NPs noninvasively remains elusive. Recent studies demonstrate that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are an effective source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy and radionuclide stimulated dynamic therapy (RaST).
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